The global ocular drug delivery devices market is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 4.2% during 2024-2033. This report on global ocular drug delivery devices market report provides holistic understanding of the market along with market sizing, forecast, drivers, challenges, and competitive landscape. The report presents a clear picture of the global ocular drug delivery devices market by segmenting the market-based technology, disease, formulation, end users, and region. Also, detailed profiles of companies operating in the ocular drug delivery devices market are provided in this report. We believe that this report will aid the professionals and industry stakeholders in making informed decision.
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Market Drivers
The ocular drug delivery devices have emerged as the most potent technologies over the past few years, that is transitioning the landscape for various uses in sectors such as healthcare, entertainment, aesthetic, etc. The countries across the globe are investing a huge amount for the development of health care facilities such as medical collages and hospitals. Ocular drug delivery devices are one of the most recent and significant advancements in healthcare sector. Over the period, extensive research on ocular drug delivery routes has been conducted to develop new drugs, better-quality formulations, specific designed delivery, and new routes of drug delivery.
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Market Restraints
There are several disadvantages associated with ocular drug delivery devices that hampers the market growth. For instance, the major issue in the ocular drug delivery devices with eye drops is their rapid and extensive elimination from the eye, causing extensive drug loss. Hence, topical ocular medication administration is unable to reach the eye’s posterior portion. Further, the ocular drug delivery devices are facing one of the weakness as technological barrier that pose a challenge for the drug manufacturers to address the limitations of their drug to cure the posterior segment of eyes and customers majorly left with an option to go through intravitreal method of delivering eye drug.
Market Opportunities
The constant approvals of products have helped the companies to compete for dominant share in the market. Currently, ocular drug delivery devices product portfolio is limited and major market players are working hard towards the development and approval of the products for the future. Government bodies such as USFDA, European Commission, Drug Controller General of India (DCGI), etc. provide approval for newer drugs to ocular drug delivery companies providing access to a huge market for their products. Further, the rising prevalence of eye disorder is fuelling the growth of the ocular drug delivery devices market. Cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and unaddressed refractive error are among the leading causes of blindness or low vision. According to World Health Organization, vision impairment or disability is one of the main problems generally seen in global population.
Recent Industry DevelopmentÂ
- In Dec 2023, FDA approved Glaukos iDose TR glaucoma-treating drug delivery implant. The approval allows for one administration per eye of iDose TR (travoprost intracameral implant) 75 mcg.
- In Jun 2022, Novartis acquired Kedalion Therapeutics and its innovative ocular delivery platform to transform patient experience.
Historical & Forecast Period
Base Year: 2023
Historical Period: 2019-2023
Forecast Period: 2024-2033
Report’s Unit: US$
Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market Segmentation
Market by Technology
- Topical
- Iontophoresis
- Ocular Insert
- Erodible
- Non-Erodible
- Intraocular Implants
- Biodegradable
- Non-Biodegradable
- In Situ Gel & Punctal Plugs
- Others
Market by Disease
- Glaucoma
- Diabetic Retinopathy
- Dry Eye Syndrome
- Macular Degeneration
- Cataract
- Diabetic Macular Edema
- Others
Market by Formulation
- Liposomes & Nanoparticles
- Solution
- Emulsion
- Suspension
- Ointment
Market by End User
- Hospitals
- Ophthalmic Clinics
- Homecare Settings
- Ambulatory Surgical Center
Market by Region
Europe
- Germany
- United Kingdom
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- Russia
- Netherlands
- Sweden
- Poland
- Rest of Europe
North America
- United States
- Canada
Asia Pacific
- China
- Japan
- India
- South Korea
- Australia
- ASEAN
- Rest of Asia Pacific
Latin America
- Mexico
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Chile
- Rest of Latin America
Middle East & Africa
- Saudi Arabia
- Turkey
- Iran
- United Arab Emirates
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
List of Mentioned Companies
- Bausch Health Companies Inc.
- Taiwan Liposome Company, Ltd
- Ocular Therapeutix, Inc
- Graybug Vision, Inc.
- Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Eyegate Pharma)
- Clearside Biomedical, Inc
- Alimera Sciences, Inc.
- Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
- Allergan Limited
- Novartis AG
Report Coverage
| Report Feature | Details |
| Base Year | 2023 |
| Historical Period | 2019-2022 |
| Forecast Period | 2024-2033 |
| Units | US$ Million |
| Segments Covered | Technology, Disease, Formulation, End User, Region |
| Region Covered | Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa |
| Companies Covered | Bausch Health Companies Inc., Taiwan Liposome Company, Ltd, Ocular Therapeutix, Inc, Graybug Vision, Inc., Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Eyegate Pharma), Clearside Biomedical, Inc, Alimera Sciences, Inc., Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Allergan Limited, Novartis AG |
| Purchase Options | Single User License: US$ 2,999 Five User License: US$ 3,499 Corporate License: US$ 4,499 |
Research Methodology
During the course of the research study, we conducted extensive primary and secondary research. The research commenced with extensive exploration through secondary sources followed by primary research. With these research methods, we were able to estimate the market size, to identify the factors that promote the growth in this market as well as the factors that hamper the growth in the market.
Comprehensive primary and secondary methods helped us to identify the trends in the market and to project the opportunities that the key players may get during the forecast period. Apart from these approaches, various analytical and statistical approaches were also used during data extraction cleaning, and analysis.Â
Post-secondary & primary research, we conducted expert interviews to validate all the information we collected during the course of the study. So, a blend of these three-way approaches helped us in data triangulation and to provide an accurate market scenario in our report.
Key Questions Answered in the Report
- What will be the global ocular drug delivery devices market size and the growth rate in the coming year?
- What are the main key factors driving the market?
- What are the key market trends impacting the growth of the market?
- What are the market opportunities and threats in the market?
- What industrial trends, drivers, and challenges are manipulating its growth?
- Which are trending factors influencing the market shares of the top regions across the globe?
- Who are the key market players in the industry?
- What is the impact of Covid19 on the current industry?
1. Preface
1.1 Objective
1.2 Target Audience & Key Offerings
1.3 Report’s Scope
1.4 Research Methodology
1.4.1 Phase I
1.4.2 Phase II
1.4.3 Phase III
1.5 Assumptions
2. Key Insights
2.1. Global Market in 2023
2.2. Impact of COVID-19
2.3. Growth Opportunities and Challenges
2.4. Key Industry Trends
3. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market Dynamics
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Market DROs
3.2.1. Drivers
3.2.2. Restraints
3.2.3. Opportunities
3.3. Industry Trends
3.4. SWOT Analysis
3.5. Market Value Chain Analysis
3.6. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
3.7. PESTLE Analysis
3.8. Key Price Indicators
3.9. Ansoff Matrix
3.10. Government Laws and Industry Regulations
4. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market Analysis
4.1. Market Portraiture
4.2. Market Size (US$ Million, 2019-2023)
4.3. Market Forecast (US$ Million, 2024-2033)
4.4. Impact of COVID-19
4.5. Impact of Russia-Ukraine War
5. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market by Technology (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Topical
5.3. Iontophoresis
5.4. Ocular Insert
5.5. Erodible
5.6. Non-Erodible
5.7. Intraocular Implants
5.8. Biodegradable
5.9. Non-Biodegradable
5.10. In Situ Gel & Punctal Plugs
5.11. Others
5.12. Key Segment Investment Opportunity
6. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market by Disease (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Glaucoma
6.3. Diabetic Retinopathy
6.4. Dry Eye Syndrome
6.5. Macular Degeneration
6.6. Cataract
6.7. Diabetic Macular Edema
6.8. Others
6.9. Key Segment Investment Opportunity
7. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market by Formulation (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
7.1. Introductions
7.2. Liposomes & Nanoparticles
7.3. Solution
7.4. Emulsion
7.5. Suspension
7.6. Ointment
7.7. Key Segment Investment Opportunity
8. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market by End User (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Hospitals
8.3. Ophthalmic Clinics
8.4. Homecare Settings
8.5. Ambulatory Surgical Center
8.6. Key Segment Investment Opportunity
9. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market by Region (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Europe
9.3. North America
9.4. Asia Pacific
9.5. Latin America
9.6. Middle East & Africa
9.7. Key Segment Investment Opportunity
10. Europe Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Key Drivers and Takeaways
10.3. Europe Market Breakup by Technology
10.4. Europe Market Breakup by Disease
10.5. Europe Market Breakup by Formulation
10.6. Europe Market Breakup by End User
10.7. Europe Market Breakup by Country
10.7.1. Germany
10.7.2. United Kingdom
10.7.3. France
10.7.4. Italy
10.7.5. Spain
10.7.6. Russia
10.7.7. Netherlands
10.7.8. Sweden
10.7.9. Poland
10.7.10. Rest of Europe
11. North America Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Key Drivers and Takeaways
11.3. North America Market Breakup by Technology
11.4. North America Market Breakup by Disease
11.5. North America Market Breakup by Formulation
11.6. North America Market Breakup by End User
11.7. North America Market Breakup by Country
11.7.1. United States
11.7.2. Canada
12. Asia Pacific Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Key Drivers and Takeaways
12.3. Asia Pacific Market Breakup by Technology
12.4. Asia Pacific Market Breakup by Disease
12.5. Asia Pacific Market Breakup by Formulation
12.6. Asia Pacific Market Breakup by End User
12.7. Asia Pacific Market Breakup by Country
12.7.1. China
12.7.2. Japan
12.7.3. India
12.7.4. South Korea
12.7.5. Australia
12.7.6. ASEAN
12.7.7. Rest of Asia Pacific
13. Latin America Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Key Drivers and Takeaways
13.3. Latin America Market Breakup by Technology
13.4. Latin America Market Breakup by Disease
13.5. Latin America Market Breakup by Formulation
13.6. Latin America Market Breakup by End User
13.7. Latin America Market Breakup by Country
13.7.1. Mexico
13.7.2. Brazil
13.7.3. Argentina
13.7.4. Chile
13.7.5. Rest of Latin America
14. Middle East and Africa Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Key Drivers and Takeaways
14.3. Middle East and Africa Market Breakup by Technology
14.4. Middle East and Africa Market Breakup by Disease
14.5. Middle East and Africa Market Breakup by Formulation
14.6. Middle East and Africa Market Breakup by End User
14.7. Middle East and Africa Market Breakup by Country
14.7.1. Saudi Arabia
14.7.2. Turkey
14.7.3. Iran
14.7.4. United Arab Emirates
14.7.5. Rest of Middle East & Africa
15. Competitive Landscape
15.1. Competitive Dashboard
15.2. Key Industry Strategies Analysis
15.3. Recent Developments
15.4. Market Scenario
16. Company Profiles
16.1. Bausch Health Companies Inc.
16.2. Taiwan Liposome Company, Ltd
16.3. Ocular Therapeutix, Inc
16.4. Graybug Vision, Inc.
16.5. Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Eyegate Pharma)
16.6. Clearside Biomedical, Inc
16.7. Alimera Sciences, Inc.
16.8. Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
16.9. Allergan Limited
16.10. Novartis AG.
- Description
-
The global ocular drug delivery devices market is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 4.2% during 2024-2033. This report on global ocular drug delivery devices market report provides holistic understanding of the market along with market sizing, forecast, drivers, challenges, and competitive landscape. The report presents a clear picture of the global ocular drug delivery devices market by segmenting the market-based technology, disease, formulation, end users, and region. Also, detailed profiles of companies operating in the ocular drug delivery devices market are provided in this report. We believe that this report will aid the professionals and industry stakeholders in making informed decision.
Â
Market Drivers
The ocular drug delivery devices have emerged as the most potent technologies over the past few years, that is transitioning the landscape for various uses in sectors such as healthcare, entertainment, aesthetic, etc. The countries across the globe are investing a huge amount for the development of health care facilities such as medical collages and hospitals. Ocular drug delivery devices are one of the most recent and significant advancements in healthcare sector. Over the period, extensive research on ocular drug delivery routes has been conducted to develop new drugs, better-quality formulations, specific designed delivery, and new routes of drug delivery.
Â
Market Restraints
There are several disadvantages associated with ocular drug delivery devices that hampers the market growth. For instance, the major issue in the ocular drug delivery devices with eye drops is their rapid and extensive elimination from the eye, causing extensive drug loss. Hence, topical ocular medication administration is unable to reach the eye’s posterior portion. Further, the ocular drug delivery devices are facing one of the weakness as technological barrier that pose a challenge for the drug manufacturers to address the limitations of their drug to cure the posterior segment of eyes and customers majorly left with an option to go through intravitreal method of delivering eye drug.
Market Opportunities
The constant approvals of products have helped the companies to compete for dominant share in the market. Currently, ocular drug delivery devices product portfolio is limited and major market players are working hard towards the development and approval of the products for the future. Government bodies such as USFDA, European Commission, Drug Controller General of India (DCGI), etc. provide approval for newer drugs to ocular drug delivery companies providing access to a huge market for their products. Further, the rising prevalence of eye disorder is fuelling the growth of the ocular drug delivery devices market. Cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and unaddressed refractive error are among the leading causes of blindness or low vision. According to World Health Organization, vision impairment or disability is one of the main problems generally seen in global population.
Recent Industry DevelopmentÂ
- In Dec 2023, FDA approved Glaukos iDose TR glaucoma-treating drug delivery implant. The approval allows for one administration per eye of iDose TR (travoprost intracameral implant) 75 mcg.
- In Jun 2022, Novartis acquired Kedalion Therapeutics and its innovative ocular delivery platform to transform patient experience.
Historical & Forecast Period
Base Year: 2023
Historical Period: 2019-2023
Forecast Period: 2024-2033
Report’s Unit: US$
Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market Segmentation
Market by Technology
- Topical
- Iontophoresis
- Ocular Insert
- Erodible
- Non-Erodible
- Intraocular Implants
- Biodegradable
- Non-Biodegradable
- In Situ Gel & Punctal Plugs
- Others
Market by Disease
- Glaucoma
- Diabetic Retinopathy
- Dry Eye Syndrome
- Macular Degeneration
- Cataract
- Diabetic Macular Edema
- Others
Market by Formulation
- Liposomes & Nanoparticles
- Solution
- Emulsion
- Suspension
- Ointment
Market by End User
- Hospitals
- Ophthalmic Clinics
- Homecare Settings
- Ambulatory Surgical Center
Market by Region
Europe
- Germany
- United Kingdom
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- Russia
- Netherlands
- Sweden
- Poland
- Rest of Europe
North America
- United States
- Canada
Asia Pacific
- China
- Japan
- India
- South Korea
- Australia
- ASEAN
- Rest of Asia Pacific
Latin America
- Mexico
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Chile
- Rest of Latin America
Middle East & Africa
- Saudi Arabia
- Turkey
- Iran
- United Arab Emirates
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
List of Mentioned Companies
- Bausch Health Companies Inc.
- Taiwan Liposome Company, Ltd
- Ocular Therapeutix, Inc
- Graybug Vision, Inc.
- Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Eyegate Pharma)
- Clearside Biomedical, Inc
- Alimera Sciences, Inc.
- Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
- Allergan Limited
- Novartis AG
Report Coverage
Report Feature Details Base Year 2023 Historical Period 2019-2022 Forecast Period 2024-2033 Units US$ Million Segments Covered Technology, Disease, Formulation, End User, Region Region Covered Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Companies Covered Bausch Health Companies Inc., Taiwan Liposome Company, Ltd, Ocular Therapeutix, Inc, Graybug Vision, Inc., Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Eyegate Pharma), Clearside Biomedical, Inc, Alimera Sciences, Inc., Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Allergan Limited, Novartis AG Purchase Options Single User License: US$ 2,999
Five User License: US$ 3,499
Corporate License: US$ 4,499Research Methodology
During the course of the research study, we conducted extensive primary and secondary research. The research commenced with extensive exploration through secondary sources followed by primary research. With these research methods, we were able to estimate the market size, to identify the factors that promote the growth in this market as well as the factors that hamper the growth in the market.
Comprehensive primary and secondary methods helped us to identify the trends in the market and to project the opportunities that the key players may get during the forecast period. Apart from these approaches, various analytical and statistical approaches were also used during data extraction cleaning, and analysis.Â
Post-secondary & primary research, we conducted expert interviews to validate all the information we collected during the course of the study. So, a blend of these three-way approaches helped us in data triangulation and to provide an accurate market scenario in our report.Key Questions Answered in the Report
- What will be the global ocular drug delivery devices market size and the growth rate in the coming year?
- What are the main key factors driving the market?
- What are the key market trends impacting the growth of the market?
- What are the market opportunities and threats in the market?
- What industrial trends, drivers, and challenges are manipulating its growth?
- Which are trending factors influencing the market shares of the top regions across the globe?
- Who are the key market players in the industry?
- What is the impact of Covid19 on the current industry?
- Table of Contents
-
1. Preface
1.1 Objective
1.2 Target Audience & Key Offerings
1.3 Report’s Scope
1.4 Research Methodology
1.4.1 Phase I
1.4.2 Phase II
1.4.3 Phase III
1.5 Assumptions
2. Key Insights
2.1. Global Market in 2023
2.2. Impact of COVID-19
2.3. Growth Opportunities and Challenges
2.4. Key Industry Trends
3. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market Dynamics
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Market DROs
3.2.1. Drivers
3.2.2. Restraints
3.2.3. Opportunities
3.3. Industry Trends
3.4. SWOT Analysis
3.5. Market Value Chain Analysis
3.6. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
3.7. PESTLE Analysis
3.8. Key Price Indicators
3.9. Ansoff Matrix
3.10. Government Laws and Industry Regulations
4. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market Analysis
4.1. Market Portraiture
4.2. Market Size (US$ Million, 2019-2023)
4.3. Market Forecast (US$ Million, 2024-2033)
4.4. Impact of COVID-19
4.5. Impact of Russia-Ukraine War
5. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market by Technology (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Topical
5.3. Iontophoresis
5.4. Ocular Insert
5.5. Erodible
5.6. Non-Erodible
5.7. Intraocular Implants
5.8. Biodegradable
5.9. Non-Biodegradable
5.10. In Situ Gel & Punctal Plugs
5.11. Others
5.12. Key Segment Investment Opportunity
6. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market by Disease (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Glaucoma
6.3. Diabetic Retinopathy
6.4. Dry Eye Syndrome
6.5. Macular Degeneration
6.6. Cataract
6.7. Diabetic Macular Edema
6.8. Others
6.9. Key Segment Investment Opportunity
7. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market by Formulation (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
7.1. Introductions
7.2. Liposomes & Nanoparticles
7.3. Solution
7.4. Emulsion
7.5. Suspension
7.6. Ointment
7.7. Key Segment Investment Opportunity
8. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market by End User (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Hospitals
8.3. Ophthalmic Clinics
8.4. Homecare Settings
8.5. Ambulatory Surgical Center
8.6. Key Segment Investment Opportunity
9. Global Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market by Region (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Europe
9.3. North America
9.4. Asia Pacific
9.5. Latin America
9.6. Middle East & Africa
9.7. Key Segment Investment Opportunity
10. Europe Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Key Drivers and Takeaways
10.3. Europe Market Breakup by Technology
10.4. Europe Market Breakup by Disease
10.5. Europe Market Breakup by Formulation
10.6. Europe Market Breakup by End User
10.7. Europe Market Breakup by Country
10.7.1. Germany
10.7.2. United Kingdom
10.7.3. France
10.7.4. Italy
10.7.5. Spain
10.7.6. Russia
10.7.7. Netherlands
10.7.8. Sweden
10.7.9. Poland
10.7.10. Rest of Europe
11. North America Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Key Drivers and Takeaways
11.3. North America Market Breakup by Technology
11.4. North America Market Breakup by Disease
11.5. North America Market Breakup by Formulation
11.6. North America Market Breakup by End User
11.7. North America Market Breakup by Country
11.7.1. United States
11.7.2. Canada
12. Asia Pacific Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Key Drivers and Takeaways
12.3. Asia Pacific Market Breakup by Technology
12.4. Asia Pacific Market Breakup by Disease
12.5. Asia Pacific Market Breakup by Formulation
12.6. Asia Pacific Market Breakup by End User
12.7. Asia Pacific Market Breakup by Country
12.7.1. China
12.7.2. Japan
12.7.3. India
12.7.4. South Korea
12.7.5. Australia
12.7.6. ASEAN
12.7.7. Rest of Asia Pacific
13. Latin America Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Key Drivers and Takeaways
13.3. Latin America Market Breakup by Technology
13.4. Latin America Market Breakup by Disease
13.5. Latin America Market Breakup by Formulation
13.6. Latin America Market Breakup by End User
13.7. Latin America Market Breakup by Country
13.7.1. Mexico
13.7.2. Brazil
13.7.3. Argentina
13.7.4. Chile
13.7.5. Rest of Latin America
14. Middle East and Africa Ocular Drug Delivery Devices Market (US$ Million, 2019-2033)
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Key Drivers and Takeaways
14.3. Middle East and Africa Market Breakup by Technology
14.4. Middle East and Africa Market Breakup by Disease
14.5. Middle East and Africa Market Breakup by Formulation
14.6. Middle East and Africa Market Breakup by End User
14.7. Middle East and Africa Market Breakup by Country
14.7.1. Saudi Arabia
14.7.2. Turkey
14.7.3. Iran
14.7.4. United Arab Emirates
14.7.5. Rest of Middle East & Africa
15. Competitive Landscape
15.1. Competitive Dashboard
15.2. Key Industry Strategies Analysis
15.3. Recent Developments
15.4. Market Scenario
16. Company Profiles
16.1. Bausch Health Companies Inc.
16.2. Taiwan Liposome Company, Ltd
16.3. Ocular Therapeutix, Inc
16.4. Graybug Vision, Inc.
16.5. Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Eyegate Pharma)
16.6. Clearside Biomedical, Inc
16.7. Alimera Sciences, Inc.
16.8. Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
16.9. Allergan Limited
16.10. Novartis AG.